case equality operator in verilog - PrivacyWall

https://www.chipverify.com/verilog/verilog-operators

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Verilog Operators - ChipVerify

Verilog Equality Operators. Equality operators have the same precedence amongst them and are lower in precedence than relational operators. The result is 1 if true, and 0 if false. ... (==) or logical-inequality (!=) is X or Z, then the result will be X. You may use case-equality operator (===) or case-inequality operator (!==) to match including X and Z and will always have a known value. Operator Description; a === b: a equal to b, including x and z: a !== b: a not equal to b, including x ...

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5927615/what-is-the-differenc...

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What is the difference between == and === in Verilog?

Some data types in Verilog, such as reg, are 4-state.This means that each bit can be one of 4 values: 0,1,x,z. With the "case equality" operator, ===, x's are compared, and the result is 1. With ==, the result of the comparison is not 0, as you stated; rather, the result is x, according to the IEEE Std (1800-2009), section 11.4.5 "Equality operators":. For the logical equality and logical inequality operators (== and !=), if, due to unknown or high-impedance bits in the operands, the ...

https://vlsiverify.com/verilog/verilog-operators/

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Verilog Operators - VLSI Verify

The Verilog operators are similar to the C programming language operator that is used to produce results based on the required operation. Verilog provides different categories of operators. 1. Arithmetic operators. ... The case equality and case inequality compares two operands bit by bit even for x and z bits and results in 1 or 0 if true or false respectively. They perform an exact bit-by-bit comparison. If any of the bits is not matched, the result will be 0 (false).

https://www.asic-world.com/verilog/operators1.html

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Verilog Operators Part-I - asic-world.com

This page contains Verilog tutorial, Verilog Syntax, Verilog Quick Reference, PLI, modelling memory and FSM, Writing Testbenches in Verilog, Lot of Verilog Examples and Verilog in One Day Tutorial. Verilog Operators. Part-I. Jan-7-2025 : Equality Operators: There are two types of Equality operators. Case Equality and Logical Equality. Operator. Description. a === b . a equal to b, including x and z (Case equality) a !== b . a not equal to b, including x and z (Case inequality) a == b . a ...

https://www.reddit.com/r/FPGA/comments/4abvvz/system_verilog_logi...

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System Verilog "logical equality" (==) vs. "case equality" (===) - Reddit

The 1st case is logical equality and will only evaluate to a 1 if both a and b are equal to logic values of 0 or 1. If a or b are either X or high-Z, then the expression evaluates to 0 (false). The 2nd case is case equality and takes into account all 4 logic states, 0/1X/high-Z.

https://www.verilogpro.com/verilog-case-casez-casex/

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Verilog twins: case, casez, casex - Verilog Pro

The Verilog case statement is a convenient structure to code various logic like decoders, encoders, onehot state machines. Verilog defines three versions of the case statement: case, ... Integral expressions use the wildcard equality (==?) operator so that an x or z bit in a value in the set is treated as a do-not-care in that bit position (see 11.4.6). As with wildcard equality, an x or z in the expression on the left-hand side of the inside

https://vlsi.pro/verilog-operators/

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Verilog: Operators - VLSI Pro

Testbench Case Equality & Case Inequality In the above example we have use == and != for logical equality and logical inequality. Verilog also has another type operator called `Case Equality` and `Case Inequalit`y.

https://vlsisource.com/blog/verilog-equality-operators/

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Verilog Equality Operators - VLSI SOURCE

Verilog Equality Operators. All four equality operators shall have the same precedence. For the logical equality and logical inequality operators (== and !=), if, due to unknown or high-impedance bits in the operands, the relation is ambiguous, then the result shall be a 1-bit unknown value (x). ... For the case equality and case inequality operators (=== and !==), the comparison shall be done just as it is in the procedural case statement (see 9.5). Bits that are x or z shall be included in ...

https://verificationacademy.com/forums/t/how-to-use-in-system-ver...

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How to use ==? in system verilog - Verification Academy

The**===** and !== operators explicitly check for 4-state values; therefore, X and Z values shall either match or mismatch, never resulting in X. The ==? and !=? operators may result in X if the left operand contains an x or Z that is not being compared with a wildcard in the right operand. An X in a conditional if statement is treated as false.

https://chipdemy.com/verilog-operators/

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Verilog Operators - Chipdemy

The equality and inequality operators compare two operands bit by bit and return 1 or 0 if the comparison is either true or false. If either operand has bits set to x or z, they will return value as ‘x’. The case equality and case inequality compare two operands bit by bit—even for the x and z bits—and return 1 or 0, respectively, whether the comparison is correct or incorrect.They conduct a precise bit-by-bit comparison. The result will be 0 (false) if any of the bits are not ...

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